🧬 Molecular Biology🧬

Understanding Life at the Molecular Level

The branch of biology that focuses on the molecular basis of life, specifically, how biological processes are regulated at the level of DNA, RNA, and proteins.

🧬 Core Definition 🧬

Molecular biology is the study of the structure, function, and interactions of cellular molecules—especially nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) and proteins—that are involved in the storage, expression, and regulation of genetic information.

🧬 Key Concepts in Molecular Biology: -

1. The Central Dogma

2. Gene Expression

3. Molecular Genetics

4. Recombinant DNA Technology

5. Protein Synthesis & Function

2. Gene Expression:

• The process by which genes are turned on or off, and how their information is converted into functional products (like enzymes or hormones).

  3. Molecular Genetics:

• Studies mutations, genetic disorders, and how traits are inherited at the molecular level.

1. The Central Dogma:

• DNA → RNA → Protein

Explains how genetic information flows within a cell.

• DNA replication: Making exact copies of DNA.

• Transcription: DNA is used to make RNA.

• Translation: RNA is used to synthesize proteins.

4. Recombinant DNA Technology:

• Techniques like PCR, cloning, CRISPR, and genetic engineering are used in biotechnology and medicine.

5. Protein Synthesis & Function:

• How proteins are built and how they fold, interact, and regulate cellular processes.